Mirroring the Ecosystem – Objects
HBP80 Battery (Lithium-Ion)
A lithium-ion battery (Li-Ion) is a type of rechargeable battery that uses lithium ions as the main component of its fluid. They are considered the best choice for hybrid vehicles due to their high energy storage capacity, recyclability, and quick charge time. Lithiumion batteries are also used in various consumer electronics, such as laptops, cell phones, and digital cameras. This typology of battery system for electric and hybrid vehicles offer up to 800 volts of power, compact dimensions and meeting the highest safety requirements (ASILD).
Courtesy of DRÄXLMAIER
Final product: Hybrid car
Components: 88 raw materials are used to assemble the battery. Li-Ion cells, cell frames, upper aluminium housing, cooling pump, S-Box HPB80 — battery control unit
Dimensions: 416x815x215 mm
Production year: 2022
Production rate: 600 sec
Production line workers: 22 adjusters
Client industry: automotive
Client name: Mercedes - AMG Gmbh
Throughout (part/year): 7 179 / year
Export destination: Europe, China, South of Africa
IMPORT/EXPORT
Product section: XVI. Machinery/mechanical appliances; electrical equipment; parts; sound recorders/reproducers tv image sound recorders/reproducers parts/accessories
Industry: Manufacture of Electrical Equipment
Instrument cluster with pointer
An instrument cluster with pointer shows vehicle operation, speed, fuel, oil and multimedia system level and status. The interface consists of dials and a monitor that is connected to the car’s computer where information is transmitted via icons and alerts.
Courtesy of Continental Automotive Romania
IMPORT/EXPORT
Product section: XVII. Vehicles aircraft vessels and associated transport equipment
Industry: Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-Trailers
Butterfly LED streetlights
Butterfly LED street lamps are a type of streetlight that uses LED technology to provide illumination. LED-based street lights offer reduced energy consumption, longer lifetime, and lower maintenance costs for major, local, and secondary roads. Ideal for the replacement of street lights with compact fluorescent lamps, sodium lamps or metal halide lamps. Butterfly LED street lamps are typically made from aluminium and have a design that resembles a butterfly.
Courtesy of Elba
Dimensions: 395x135x56 mm
Production year: 2023
Production rate: 30 minutes
Production line workers: three production operators
Client names: ELBA COM, Lumitech, Ledkonsulten, Alshaya, Betterleds, Schahleds, Inom, Tiplux and others
Throughout (part/year): 25 000/year
Export destination: Germany, Belgium, Serbia, Sweden, Doha, Austria, Czech Republic, Italy, England, France
IMPORT/EXPORT
Product section: XX. Miscellaneous manufactured articles
Industry: Manufacture of Electrical Equipment
LBFR
The LBFR (beacon lamp with red filter) is a signal lighting unit designed to make tall structures more visible to flying vehicles. These lights can be found attached to tall structures such as broadcast masts and towers, water tanks located on high elevations, electricity pylons, chimneys, tall buildings, cranes and wind turbines. They can be mounted on buildings up to 3 000 m in altitude. The lights are arranged in clusters around the structure at specific heights.
Courtesy of Elba
Final product: street light
Dimensions: 172x70x186 mm
Production year: 2023
Production rate: 25 min
Production line workers: three production operators
Client names: ELBA COM, Lumitech, Ledkonsulten, Alshaya, Betterleds, Schahleds, Inom, Tiplux, and others
Throughout (part/year): 5 000/year
Export destination: Germany, Belgium, Serbia, Sweden, Doha, Austria, Czech Republic, Italy, England, France
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XX. Miscellaneous manufactured articles
Industry: Manufacture of Electrical Equipment
Headlights
Headlights are a type of automotive lighting used to illuminate the road ahead. They are typically made from halogen or LED bulbs and are designed to be bright and long-lasting. Headlights are used in various applications, including cars, trucks, and motorcycles.
Courtesy of Elba
Dimensions: 60x25x33 cm
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XVI. Machinery/mechanical appliances; electrical equipment; parts; sound recorders/ reproducers tv image sound recorders/reproducers parts/ accessories
Industry: Manufacture of Electrical Equipment
Tail lights
Tail lights are a type of automotive lighting used to indicate a vehicle’s presence from behind. They are typically red and are designed to be visible from a distance. Tail lights are used in various applications, including cars, trucks, and motorcycles.
Courtesy of Elba
Dimensions: 43x22x26 cm
Production year: 2023
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XVI. Machinery/mechanical appliances; electrical equipment; parts; sound recorders/ reproducers tv image sound recorders/reproducers parts/ accessories
Industry: Manufacture of Electrical Equipment
LED PCBA
A LED PCBA is a printed circuit board with LED chips soldered onto it. LED PCB is the core of LED lighting. It requires a heat sink for cooling and is often made of aluminium to facilitate better thermal conductivity due to its energy efficiency, design flexibility, and low build cost. LED PCBs are used in a wide range of industries, including the medical and automotive Industry, computer construction and telecommunications.
Courtesy of Elba
Dimensions: 5x17 cm
Production year: 2023
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XX. Miscellaneous manufactured articles
Industry: Manufacture of Electrical Equipment
PCBA—Printed circuit board assembly
A printed circuit board (PCB) is a non-conductive material with conductive lines printed or etched on it. They are made from a combination of copper, plastic, and other materials and are designed to connect and support electronic components. PCBs are used in a wide range of applications, including consumer electronics, medical devices, and industrial equipment. A printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) describes the finished board after all the components have been soldered and installed on a PCB. The conductive pathways engraved in the laminated copper sheets of PCBs are used within a non-conductive substrate in order to form the assembly. Attaching the electronic components to the PCBs is the concluding action to create a fully operational electronic device.
Courtesy of DRÄXLMAIER
Final product: ambient light in premium cars
Components: 16 raw materials used to be assembled in PCBA, PCBA Printed circuit board assembly, PCB Printed circuit board, Led white or/and RGB spectrum (red, green, blue), Microcontroller, Resistors, Connectors, Solder paste
Dimensions: 250x185x10 mm
Production year: 2022
Production rate: 89 sec
Production line workers: two adjusters
Client industry: automotive
Client name: Mercedes Benz/LUCID
Throughout (part/year): 3 268 110/year
Export Destination: Europe, China, NAFTA (Mexico, USA)
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XVI. Machinery/mechanical appliances; electrical equipment; parts; sound recorders/ reproducers tv image sound recorders/reproducers parts/ accessories
Industry: Manufacture of Electrical Equipment
Head-up display
The head-up display generates a virtual image that is projected through the windscreen into the driver’s field of vision. Warnings, important driving information and selected functions from driver assistance or multimedia systems can be read without taking the driver’s attention off the road.
Display solutions
Digital instrument cluster and central digital display show car status and additional navigation and communication information. In-vehicle cameras monitor the driver’s level of vigilance.
Courtesy of Continental Automotive Romania
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XVII. Vehicles aircraft vessels and associated transport equipment
Industry: Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-Trailers
Ambient lighting
Ambient lighting is lighting used in automotive interior systems. Used for preventing driver fatigue, motion sickness, communication between the driver and vehicle and for instance and alerts. Light forges links to integrated control functions (for example touch displays) with a high level of user friendliness, based on the latest research in cognitive systems and human-technology interaction. Innovative lighting solutions with intuitive control enable seamless communication between the passenger and the vehicle, ensuring atmospheric, custom interior lighting.
Courtesy of DRÄXLMAIER
Final product: ambient light in premium cars
Components: 20 raw materials used to be assembled in ambient light harness, PCBA printed circuit board assembly, housing, copper wires, tape, connectors, optical fibre
Dimensions: 400x200x50 mm
Production year: 2022
Production rate: 937 sec
Production line workers: four adjusters
Client industry: automotive
Client name: Mercedes Benz
Throughout (part/year): 19 000 000/year
Export destination: Europe, China
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XVI. Machinery/mechanical appliances; electrical equipment; parts; sound recorders/ reproducers tv image sound recorders/reproducers parts/ accessories
Industry: Manufacture of Electrical Equipment
Stencil
Stencils are prototype circuit boards used for laying out electrical components securely. They help to customise circuit board fabrication. The board can function as a pre-design tool to copy the layout onto a standard PCB (printed circuit board).
Courtesy of Flex Romania
Final product: printing tool for the electronic boards assembly production process
Components: metal
Dimensions: 74x74 cm
Production year: 2022
Production rate: one hour
Production line workers: one operator (machinist)
Client industry: electronic industry
Client name: N/A (tools used in manufacturing process)
Export destination: N/A (tools used in manufacturing process)
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XVI. Machinery/mechanical appliances; electrical equipment; parts; sound recorders/ reproducers tv image sound recorders/reproducers parts/ accessories
Industry: Manufacture of Computer, Electronic and Optical Products
Head closing
A head closing in aluminium is a type of industrial component used to seal the ends of pipes or tubes. It is made out of aluminum and is round in shape. It has a flange at one end which is designed to fit into the end of a pipe or tube, creating a tight seal. Head closings in aluminum are commonly used in plumbing, automotive and aerospace applications.
Courtesy of GELCO PROD
Components: aluminium
Dimensions: Ø30x14.5 mm
Production year: 2023
Production rate: 720 sec
Production line workers: one CNC operator
Client industry: automotive
Throughout (part/year): 5000/year
Export destination: Romania
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XV. Base metals and articles of base metal
Industry: Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Equipment
ACT socket
An ACT socket is a type of electrical connector used in automotive applications. It is designed to be resistant to corrosion and vibration, making it suitable for use in harsh environments. It is made out of stainless steel and is generally quite small. It is used to connect electrical components such as sensors and relays, and is a common component in modern automotive systems.
Courtesy of GELCO PROD
Components: inox
Dimensions: 11x7 mm
Production year: 2023
Production rate: 120 sec
Production line workers: one metal lathe operator
Client industry: energy
Throughout (part/year): 20 000/year
Export destination: Romania
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XV. Base metals and articles of base metal
Industry: Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Equipment
Collet 8
A collet 8 is an automotive part used to secure components into place. It is made out of brass and is small in size. It is typically used to secure small parts such as nuts, bolts, and screws. It works by clamping down and holding the component in place, allowing it to be securely attached to another part. Collet 8s are commonly used in automotive, aerospace, and mechanical engineering applications.
Courtesy of GELCO PROD
Components: brass
Dimensions: 8x7.5 mm
Production year: 2023
Production rate: 30 sec
Production line workers: one metal lathe operator
Client industry: automotive
Throughout (part/year): 300 000/year
Export destination: Romania
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XV. Base metals and articles of base metal
Industry: Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Equipment
PCB for medical devices
Medical PCBs are printed circuit boards that are designed for use in medical devices. Medical PCBs are more reliable and efficient than traditional PCBs and are also designed to be resistant to interference. Medical PCBs are used in various applications, including medical imaging, diagnostics, and monitoring.
Courtesy of Flex Romania
Final product: medical devices (infusion pumps and ultrasound handheld devices)
Components: electronic components and mechanical parts (metals, plastics, cables/wires, displays)
Dimensions: infusion pump 14x23x15 cm; ultrasound device 12x8x3 cm
Production year: 2022
Production rate: infusion pump: four hours; ultrasound device: one hour
Production line workers: infusion pump: 25 operators; ultrasound device: ten operators
Client industry: healthcare industry
Client name: infusion pump: Becton Dickinson; ultrasound device: GE Healthcare
Throughout (part/year): Becton Dickinson: 15 000/year; GE Healthcare: 15 000/year
Export destination: Europe
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XVI. Machinery/mechanical appliances; electrical equipment; parts; sound recorders/ reproducers tv image sound recorders/reproducers parts/ accessories
Industry: Manufacture of Computer, Electronic and Optical Products
Flexible PCB
Flexible PCBs are printed circuit boards that are designed to be flexible and bendable. They are typically made from polyimide or Kapton and are designed to be more reliable and efficient than traditional PCBs. Flexible PCBs are used in a variety of applications, including robotics, automotive, medical devices, and consumer electronics.
Courtesy of Flex Romania
Final product: subassemblies for steering control for the cars
Components: electronic components
Dimensions: 25x20 cm for each panel
Production year: 2022
Production rate: twenty minutes
Production line workers: ten operators
Client industry: automotive industry
Client name: BMW i2
Throughout (part/year): 300 000/year
Export destination: Europe
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XVI. Machinery/mechanical appliances; electrical equipment; parts; sound recorders/ reproducers tv image sound recorders/reproducers parts/ accessories
Industry: Manufacture of Computer, Electronic and Optical Products
Solar panel inverter
A solar panel inverter or photovoltaic (PV) inverter is an electronic device that converts the direct current (DC) electricity generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) electricity. Solar energy is one of the most sustainable sources of energy that can contribute to CO2 emissions mitigation, being an opportunity for regions and cities transitioning to a green economy model—which means transitioning from traditional energy sources to renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. Solar panel inverters are used in various applications, including residential and commercial solar energy systems.
Courtesy of Flex Romania
Final product: solar panels systems
Components: electronic components and mechanical parts (metals, plastics)
Dimensions: 30x20x5 cm
Production year: 2023
Production rate: two hours
Production line workers: 38 operators
Client industry: industrial—energy industry
Throughout (part/year): 3 000 000/year
Export destination: Europe
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XVI. Machinery/mechanical appliances; electrical equipment; parts; sound recorders/ reproducers tv image sound recorders/reproducers parts/ accessories
Industry: Manufacture of Computer, Electronic and Optical Products
5G PCB Board
5G PCB boards are printed circuits designed to support 5G technology. They are intended to be used in various applications, including mobile phones, routers, and base stations. They have centralised and decentralised units with broadband control units and mobile edge computing. Fiber optic cables embedded in PCBs provide higher bandwidths and reduce latency, energy consumption, and heat generation. According to industry experts, 40% of the global population will utilise 5G networks by 2024.
Courtesy of Flex Romania
Final product: data transmission and networking systems
Components: electronic components, fiber optic, mechanical parts (metals, plastics)
Dimensions: NOKIA board: 39x35 cm; ADVA board: 25x22 cm
Production year: 2022
Production rate: 20 hours
Production line workers: 15 operators
Client industry: communications, enterprise and cloud industry
Client name: NOKIA; ADVA
Throughout (part/year): NOKIA: 300 000/year; ADVA: 100 000/year
Export destination: Europe, America
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XVI. Machinery/mechanical appliances; electrical equipment; parts; sound recorders/ reproducers tv image sound recorders/reproducers parts/ accessories
Industry: Manufacture of Computer, Electronic and Optical Products
Scrap metal
Scrap metal is metal that has been discarded or recycled from its original use. It is the combination of waste metal, metallic material, and any product that contains metal capable of being recycled from previous consumption or product manufacturing. It is typically made from iron, steel, aluminium, copper, and other metals. Scrap metals have a high market value, with their ability to be re-used again and again. It is used in various applications, including manufacturing, construction, and automotive parts.
Courtesy of GELCO PROD
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XV. Base metals and articles of base metal
Industry: Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery and Equipment
Self-levelling epoxy floor
Evrika Pro self-levelling epoxy floor is used in civil and industrial constructions with an aesthetic appearance and high resistance to wear and chemical environments. Applied areas: hospitals, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, public and commercial spaces, office buildings, covered parking lots, warehouses, archives, garages, schools, kindergartens, fitness rooms.
Courtesy of AZUR
Final product: concrete flooring
Components: epoxy resin, hardener, pigments, additives, fillers
Production year: 2023
Production rate: six hours/700kg
Production line workers: two chemical operators
Client industry: general constructions/ real estate developers
Throughout (part/year): 20 000 kg/year
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: VI. Products of the chemical industry
Industry: Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products
Green sand —for Evrika Pro Mosaic
Evrika Pro Mosaic is used to provide decorative coatings inside and outside of buildings. It is especially recommended for finishing walls in high traffic areas, such as staircases, window and door reveals, hallways and corridors. The plaster is durable, resistant to water, weather conditions and the action of algae and fungi.
Courtesy of AZUR
Final product: MOZAIC plaster
Components: aqueous acrylic dispersions, hydrophobic agents, additives, dyed quartz aggregate in different colours
Production year: 2023
Production rate: ten hours/3250 kg
Production line workers: one chemical operator
Client industry: general constructions/real estate developers
Throughout (part/year): 42 000 kg/year
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: XIII. Articles of stone, plaster, cement, ceramic, glass, and similar materials
Industry: Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing
Trans 2 Hexenal
Trans 2 Hexenal is a type of organic compound that is used in a variety of applications. It is a colourless to pale yellow, sharp, green, and apple-like-smelling liquid. It is typically used as a flavouring agent in food and beverages, and it is also used in perfumes and cosmetics. Trans 2 Hexenal is also used in the production of polymers and plastics and as a solvent in the printing industry.
Courtesy of AZUR
Final product: flavours and fragrances
Components: organic components
Production year: 2023
Production rate: 70 hours/1000 kg
Production line workers: three chemical engineers and three chemical operators
Client industry: flavours and fragrances companies
Throughout (part/year): 220 000 kg/year
Export destination: UK
IMPORT / EXPORT
Product section: VI. Products of the chemical industry
Industry: Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products
